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硅谷继续“烧钱”堆算力：OpenAI预算升至7500亿美元，Anthropic再签2GW订单_我的网站

A |     JERUSALEM -- Since Israel activated the Iron Dome in 2011, the cutting-edge rocket-defense system has intercepted thousands of rockets fired from the Gaza Strip.The system has given residents a sense of security, and Israelis can often be seen watching the projectiles flying through the skies and destroying their targets overhead.But the current war with Hamas might be its stiffest challenge yet.In just two weeks, Hamas has fired 7,000 rockets toward Israel, according to the Israeli military. That is more than any of the previous four wars fought between Israel and Hamas since the militant group seized power in Gaza in 2007. On Oct. 7 alone, the first day of fighting, Hamas launched at least 2,000 rockets, according to data from West Point. Lebanon's Hezbollah has also fired hundreds of rockets along Israel's northern front since the fighting began.Most of the rockets have been intercepted. But some have managed to get through, killing at least 11 people and hitting buildings as far away as Tel Aviv, according to Israeli officials.Here is a look at the accomplishments — and limitations — of the Iron Dome.The Iron Dome is a series of batteries that use radars to detect incoming short-range rockets and intercept them.Each battery has three or four launchers, 20 missiles, and a radar, according to Raytheon, the U.S. defense giant that co-produces the system with Israel's Rafael Defense Systems.Once the radar detects a rocket, the system determines whether the rocket is headed toward a populated area. If so, it launches a missile to intercept and destroy the rocket. If the system determines the rocket is headed to an open area or into the sea, it is allowed to land, thus conserving missiles. According to the military, all interceptions occur in Israeli airspace.The military declined to comment on how many Iron Dome batteries are currently deployed. But as of 2021, Israel had 10 batteries scattered around the country, each able to defend a territory of 60 square miles (155 square kilometers), according to Raytheon. It is roughly 90% effective, according to Rafael.But it can get overwhelmed if a mass barrage of rockets is fired, allowing some to slip through. While it has performed well so far, the risk could be raised if Hezbollah enters the war. Hezbollah has an estimated 150,000 rockets and missiles.Each missile costs an estimated $40,000 to $50,000, according to the Institute for National Security Studies, a Tel Aviv think tank.The U.S. has invested heavily in the system, helping with development costs and replenishing it during times of fighting.President Joe Biden has said he will ask Congress for $14.3 billion in military aid for Israel. The majority of that would help with air and missile defense systems, according to the White House.“We’re surging additional military assistance, including ammunition and interceptors to replenish Iron Dome,” Biden said.___Find more of AP’s coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war。

B |     图片经由AI生成。         文｜苏扬          编辑｜徐青阳          硅谷新一轮基础设施投资热潮启动了。         7月22日消息，OpenAI宣布启动其首个自主主导建设的200亿美元数据中心项目，并将到2030年的预计算力支出上调至7500亿美元；同日，AMD宣布将向Anthropic投资高达50亿美元，而Anthropic则承诺采购高达2GW的AMD最新一代AI芯片。         两项交易表明，科技巨头们的竞争已不再局限于单纯的芯片采购，而是全面延伸到了数据中心自建、能源保障以及底层基础设施的直接控制中。         01 OpenAI算力预算飙至7500亿          为了确保获得开发和运行AI模型所需的庞大算力，OpenAI进一步扩大了其数据中心规划与预算。         知情人士透露，受与云服务提供商达成的新协议推动，OpenAI已将其到2030年的预计算力支出从今年年初约6000亿美元上调至7500亿美元。

C |          不过，随着OpenAI推进IPO进程，如何平衡计算成本与财务健康成为了管理层讨论的焦点。首席执行官山姆·奥特曼大力推动的算力扩张计划，让首席财务官萨拉·弗莱尔对公司的资金链状况保持审慎态度。         据悉，弗莱尔向管理层表达了隐忧，即如果业务收入的增长不及预期，公司可能会在未来履行庞大的算力采购协议时面临资金缺口。         在具体项目推进上，OpenAI宣布投资200亿美元，在佐治亚州埃芬汉姆县启动名为“Project Camellia”的数据中心项目。

D |          在电力保障方面，OpenAI已与佐治亚电力公司达成协议，将在2028年至2032年之间分阶段获得3.2GW的电力供应。         据了解，该项目是OpenAI首次作为首席设计和开发方自主推进的数据中心。在此之前，OpenAI主要是向甲骨文、亚马逊AWS等云服务提供商租用算力。         为此，OpenAI聘请了此前在马斯克旗下xAI负责孟菲斯超级计算机数据中心建设的布伦特·梅奥（Brent Mayo），担任数据中心建设与交付负责人。梅奥将向本月晋升为算力首席技术官的乌代·鲁德拉拉朱（Uday Ruddarraju）汇报。         为了缓解公众对数据中心建设日益高涨的反思与抵触，OpenAI承诺在项目生命周期内提供8000万美元社区福利资金，用于学校、公共安全、医疗等领域。同时，向佐治亚州高校学生提供高达7100万美元的Codex代金券。并且采用闭环水循环冷却技术以极小化用水量。以及在用电高峰期主动自愿减少功耗，确保不推高当地居民电费。

E |          除了佐治亚州的项目外，OpenAI还在推进多项算力协议：此前与甲骨文签约了6GW的数据中心容量；并在2月底将其与亚马逊AWS的云计算协议扩大至8年138亿美元（包含2GWTrainium芯片算力）；去年还承诺向微软Azure追加2500亿美元的云支出。

F |          02 AMD与Anthropic“股权换订单”          和OpenAI一样，Anthropic也面临着极高的算力需求压力。此前强劲的需求曾迫使Anthropic限制用户使用频次，部分客户还报告了服务宕机问题。         为了缓解算力瓶颈并实现供应链多元化，AMD与Anthropic在同一日宣布达成重大战略合作。根据协议条款，Anthropic将从2027年上半年开始部署高达2GW的AMD最新一代Instinct MI450系列GPU。这些芯片将集成于包含EPYC“Venice”CPU、Pensando网络及ROCm软件的AMD Helios机架级解决方案中。         与此同时，随着特定部署里程碑的达成，AMD将向Anthropic进行高达50亿美元的战略股权投资。         双方还达成了工程合作协议，将利用Anthropic的Claude模型来优化针对AMD芯片的工作负载，并加速AMD ROCm软件的开发。AMD自身的工程和产品开发团队也将全面采用Claude。         AMD首席执行官苏姿丰表示，两家公司的工程团队已经合作了一段时间，大规模AI算力的部署需要提前12、18或24个月进行长期规划。据知情人士透露，AMD 目前还在洽谈为Anthropic未来的数据中心租赁债务提供财务担保。         根据《华尔街日报》报道，Anthropic在该交易中的算力策略涵盖了直接购买与租赁：既为自身设施直接采购部分AMD芯片，也通过其他云服务商或新云服务商租用部分算力。         此前，Anthropic已与谷歌、亚马逊及SpaceX签署了相关算力或数据中心容量协议，其工作负载同时运行在谷歌TPU、亚马逊Trainium及英伟达GPU等多种芯片之上。         特约编译无忌对本文亦有贡献。

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